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Desulfurization Performance and Kinetics of Potassium … – NCBI

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1. Introduction

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major pollutant formed in the combustion of fossil fuels. The direct release of SO2 to the atmosphere can result in severe environmental issues such as the formation of acid rain. Coal-fired power plants are the principal basis for power production in China and donated as the primary contributor to atmospheric SO2 pollution. Therefore, it is of high importance to efficiently and economically remove SO2 from flue gas in order to curtail the environmental unfriendly SO2 emissions. Wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies such as ammonia scrubbing, Ca/Mg-based processes, wet oxidation-absorption, and Mn-based sorbents processes were considered as the primary technology for desulfurization (de-SOx) of flue gas.1−4 However, these wet de-SOx technologies are still facing several disadvantages, including high capital costs, high water consumption, and secondary pollution. As a result, the development of dry de-SOx methods offers a promising method to remove SO2 while overcoming the issues mentioned above. Ca/Mg-based materials are predominantly used for SO2 removal in dry FGD technologies.5 However, the process are still facing secondary pollution.6,7 Research on replacing calcium-based sorbents with more versatile and practical materials is always one of the hottest topics in the field of desulfurization of flue gas. Activated carbon (AC) materials such as char can be used as an adsorbent, catalyst, or catalyst support because of their relatively large BET surface area, amenability to surface functionalization, and stability in acidic media.1,8 In the cause of using AC as a catalyst support, the reactivity of the activated components is often improved significantly.9 Liu and co-workers used an AC-supported V2O5 adsorbent for simultaneous SO2 and NO removal.10 Their results indicated that the modification of the functional groups containing oxygen on the surface char could change the chemical and physical properties of AC, hence increase the corresponding desulfurization activity. Ma et al.11 investigated the application of the palm shell activated carbon (PSAC)-supported CeO2 material for the eradication of both SO2 and NOx from flue gas and revealed that the decent desulfurization properties were a result of enhanced physicochemical characteristics from interactions between AC support and CeO2.12 Alkali metals, such as potassium and sodium, can significantly enhance the catalytic activity of the AC when it is used as a catalyst. There is a good chance that an additional alkali metal into AC material can enhance SO2 adsorption from flue gas. Microporous AC obtained by mixing anthracite with KOH or NaOH was featured with a high surface area, which makes it a promising desulfurization sorbent.13 Moreover, the desulfurization products are activated char-supported alkali sulfates (K2SO4, Na2SO4, etc.), which can be used as soil conditioners or slow-release fertilizers, eliminating the need for sorbent regeneration.14 Therefore, the dry desulfurization process using AC-based sorbents possesses several advantages over other desulfurization methods, including lower capital cost, smaller site area, no water consumption, and low sorbent regeneration cost.

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In this study, we are going to explore the possibility of using a new type of char material to act as a sorbent during the dry desulfurization operation. Lignite char impregnated with KOH was used as sorbents to eliminate SO2 from flue gas in a fixed-bed reactor, and the effect of reaction parameters, including temperature, KOH content, steam, and oxygen concentration, toward the removal efficiency of SO2 was systematically studied. Also, the surface properties and crystalline structures of the designed sorbents before and after desulfurization were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to rationalize the desulfurization performance of the sorbents.

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