Tìm hiểu về danh từ trong tiếng Anh và bài tập có đáp án

Chào mừng bạn đến với Trường Trung Cấp Việt Hàn (VKI). Trong tiếng Anh, việc nắm vững các loại từ là rất quan trọng, và đặc biệt là danh từ. Không chỉ giúp bạn xây dựng nền tảng ngữ pháp vững chắc, việc hiểu và sử dụng đúng các loại danh từ cũng là một phần quan trọng trong việc ôn thi IELTS hiệu quả.

I. Danh từ là gì?

Danh từ trong tiếng Anh tương tự như danh từ trong tiếng Việt, được sử dụng để chỉ sự vật, sự việc, con người. Danh từ thường đứng ở các vị trí khác nhau trong câu. Có 5 loại danh từ chính, bao gồm danh từ chung, danh từ riêng, danh từ trừu tượng, danh từ tập hợp và danh từ ghép.

II. Vị trí và loại danh từ trong câu

1. Vị trí danh từ trong câu

• Danh từ là chủ ngữ đứng trước động từ chính trong câu.
• Danh từ là tân ngữ (direct object) đứng sau động từ chính.
• Danh từ là tân ngữ của giới từ (object of preposition) đứng trong cụm giới từ.

2. Phân loại danh từ

Trong tiếng Anh, danh từ được phân thành 5 loại cơ bản:

• Danh từ riêng (Proper nouns): Chỉ tên riêng của người, địa điểm, vật. Ví dụ: Paris, Gordon Ramsay, Eiffel Tower,…
• Danh từ chung (Common nouns): Chỉ tên của một vật chung chung. Ví dụ: Computer, food, vehicle,…
• Danh từ trừu tượng (Abstract nouns): Chỉ những thứ trừu tượng không nhìn thấy được bằng mắt thường nhưng có thể cảm nhận được. Ví dụ: Knowledge, love, sympathy
• Danh từ tập hợp (Collective nouns): Chỉ tên một tập hợp các cá thể khác nhau. Ví dụ: Class, group, gang.
• Danh từ ghép (Compound nouns): Là các danh từ được ghép lại với nhau để tạo thành danh từ khác. Ví dụ: Motorcycle, bedroom.

III. Cách hình thành danh từ

1. Tạo danh từ từ các hậu tố

Có những hậu tố đặc biệt được thêm vào để tạo thành các danh từ mới.

• Ví dụ:

1. Assist -> Assistant
2. Maintain -> Maintenance
3. Industrialize -> Industrialization
4. Fail -> Failure
5. Disagree -> Disagreement
6. Captial -> Capitalism
7. Friend -> Friendship
8. Happy -> Happiness
9. Identify -> Identity
10. Wide -> Width
11. Bake -> Bakery

2. Tạo danh từ từ danh từ

Danh từ có thể được tạo bằng cách đặt một danh từ sau một danh từ khác.

• Ví dụ:

1. The city center (Trung tâm thành phố)
2. A taxi driver (Người lái xe taxi)

3. Tạo danh từ từ V-ing

Có những danh từ có V-ing đứng trước để biểu thị mục đích sử dụng của danh từ.

• Ví dụ:

1. A frying pan (a pan used for frying)
2. A washing machine (a machine used for washing clothes)

4. Tạo danh từ từ số đếm

Danh từ có thể được tạo bằng cách thêm số đếm vào trước danh từ.

• Ví dụ:

1. A ten-hour flight (Chuyến bay kéo dài 10 tiếng)
2. A seven-storey building (Tòa nhà cao 7 tầng)

Lưu ý: Đối với danh từ số đếm, danh từ đứng liền sau số đếm thường ở dạng số ít.

IV. Luyện tập

Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc ở những câu dưới đây.

1. Detroit is renowned for the _____ of car. (produce)
2. If you make a good ____ at the interview, you will get the job. (impress)
3. The _____ looked dark and there were hardly any other guests. (enter)
4. My history teacher has a vast ____ of past events. (know)
5. You are never too old to go to college and gain some ___. (qualify)
6. My greatest ____ was graduating from university. (achieve)
7. The weatherman said there is a strong ___ of rain today. (possible)
8. Despite her severe _____, she fulfilled her goals in life. (disable)
9. I am really into eating dairy ____. (produce)
10. Due to the pilot’s _____, the copilot managed to land safely. (guide)

Exercise 2: Chọn dạng thích hợp của danh từ trong những chỗ trống sau để tạo thành một bài IELTS Writing task 2 hoàn chỉnh.

Some people believe that developments in the field of artificial intelligence will have a positive impact on our lives in the near future. Others, by contrast, are worried that we are not prepared for a world in which computers are more intelligent than humans. Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.

People seem to be either excited or worried about the future impact of artificial (1-intelligence) . Personally, I can understand the two (2-opposing) points of view; I am both fascinated by developments in artificial intelligence and apprehensive about its possible negative effects.

On the one hand, the increasing intelligence of technology should bring some obvious benefits. Machines are clearly able to do many jobs better than humans can, especially in areas that require high levels of (3-accuracy)_ or calculations using large amounts of data. For example, robots are being developed that can carry out surgical procedures with greater (4-precision)___ than a human doctor, and we already have cars that use sensors and cameras to drive themselves. Such technologies can improve safety by reducing the (5-likelihood)___ of human errors. It is easy to imagine how these developments, and many others, will steadily improve our quality of life.

On the other hand, I share the concerns of people who believe that artificial intelligence may harm us if we are not careful. In the short term, it is likely that we will see a rise in (6-unemployment) as workers in various industries are replaced by machines or software programs. For example, self-driving vehicles are expected to cause (7-redundancies) in driving jobs, such as lorry drivers, taxi drivers, and bus drivers. In the medium term, if intelligent technologies gradually take jobs away from humans, we may find that people become deskilled and lose their sense of purpose in life. A longer-term fear is that computers become so intelligent that they begin to make (8-decisions)___ without human oversight and without regard for our well-being.

In conclusion, while intelligent machines will no doubt improve our lives in many ways, the potential risks of such technologies should not be ignored.

Exercise 3: Đoạn văn sau bao gồm 3 lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.

In many cities all over the world, spectacular fireworks displays take place as soon as the clock passes midnight on December 31. In recent years, Sydney in Australia has been the host to one of the first of these celebrations as New Year arrives there before most other major international cities. The display takes place in Sydney Harbor, with the Opera House and Harbor Bridge making it a stunning setting. Fireworks light up the skies in hundreds of cities as midnight strikes around the globe.

Exercise 4: Dựa vào những từ cho sẵn, hãy viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh.

1. The bar chart/ illustrate/ gross domestic product generated from the IT and Service Industry/the UK from 1992 to 2000.
2. It is measured in percentages. Overall, it can be seen/ both increase/ as a percentage/ GDP, but/ IT/ remain/ at/ higher rate throughout/ time.
3. At/ beginning/ the/ period, in 1992, the Service Industry account/ for/ 4 per cent/ GDP, whereas IT exceed/ this, at just over 6 per cent.
4. Over/ next four/ year/, the levels become/ more/ similar, with/ both/ components/ standing/ between 6 / just/ over/ 8 per cent.
5. IT/ still/ higher/ overall, though it/ drop/ slightly/ 1994/ 1996.

Exercise 5: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.

1. There are many dirts on the floor.
2. We want more fuels than that.
3. He drank two milks.
4. Ten inks are needed for our class.
5. He sent me many foods.
6. Many golds are found there.
7. He gave me a great deal of troubles.
8. Cows eat grasses.
9. The rain has left many waters.
10. I didn’t have many luggages.

Exercise 6: Chọn đáp án đúng cho mỗi câu sau.

1. If you want to hear the news, you can read (a paper/ paper).
2. I want to write some letters but I haven’t got (a paper/ any paper) to write on.
3. I thought there was somebody in the house because there was (light/ a light) on inside.
4. (Light/ A light) comes from the sun.
5. I was in a hurry this morning. I didn’t have (time/ a time) for breakfast.
6. “Did you enjoy your holiday?” – “Yes, we had (a wonderful time/ wonderful time).”
7. Sue was very helpful. She gave us some very useful (advice/ advices).
8. We had (very bad weather/ a very bad weather) while we were on holiday.
9. We were very unfortunate. We had (bad luck/ a bad luck).
10. It’s very difficult to find (a/ some) work at the moment.
11. I had to buy (a/ some) bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches.
12. Bad news (don’t/ doesn’t) make people happy.
13. (Your hair is/ your hairs) are too long. You should have (it/ them) cut.
14. Nobody was hurt in the accident but (the damage/ the damages) to the car (was/were) quite bad.
15. She gives me (a piece of advice/ an advice) about this.

Exercise 7: Điền mạo từ thích hợp vào những chỗ trống sau.

(1) __ bar chart shows the number of British people who emigrated to five destinations over (2) __ period 2004 to 2007. It is evident from the chart that throughout the period, the most popular place to move to was Australia.

Emigration to Australia stood at just over 40,000 people in 2004, which was approximately 6,000 higher than for Spain, and twice as high as the other three countries. Apart from a jump to around 52,000 in 2006, it remained around this level throughout the period.

(3) __ next most popular country for Britons to move to was (4) __ Spain, though its popularity declined over the time frame to finish at below 30,000 in 2007. Despite this, the figure was still higher than for the remaining three countries. Approximately 20,000 people emigrated to New Zealand each year, while the USA fluctuated between 20-25,000 people over the period.

Although (5) __ number of visitors to France spiked to nearly 35,000 in 2005, it was the country that was the least popular to emigrate to at the end of the period, at just under 20,000 people.

Exercise 8: Điền mạo từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống để tạo thành một bài Writing task 2 hoàn chỉnh.

There are several reasons that are causing the environmental harms and this has become (1) __ urgent issue to discuss and bring (2) __ solution about. The number of ever-increasing cars is one of (3) __ reasons that leads to affect the environment negatively, and there are some assumptions that increasing the fuel price would solve this problem. But the reality would be different, and increased fuel price will cause lots of other problems while it would contribute very little to reduce the environmental pollutions and hazards. So this can’t be the best solution in any way.

First of all, the maximum numbers of cars are owned by the rich people and fuel price would not restrain them from using the cars. The price of (4) fuel, in fact, increased significantly over the past 12 years and that has done nothing to reduce the car usages. On the contrary, the number of cars running on the roads has increased more than expected. Besides, (5) fuel price determines the market prices of other daily necessary products, and increasing the price would only bring misery to the low and medium-earning class population. Electronic wastage, industries, household electrical devices, deforestation, chemical wastages, thoughtless activities of people are causing more damage to the mother earth than the gas emitted by the cars. We should focus on those aspects as well before increasing the price of fuel just based on (6) __ assumption.

The main idea of increasing the fuel price is to reduce (7) __ number of cars running in the street and to restrain the car owners from using the cars less. But that would prove to be (8) __ ridiculous solution, especially when car owners are mostly high-earning class, and they would not bother about the fuel price.

The best solution to address this utmost concerning issue is to introduce (9) __ environmentally friendly energy source like solar energy systems, to improve the public transportation system & train system so that people mostly use these systems instead of always using their cars, increasing the awareness of the people so that they do not directly contribute to harming the environment, and making strict rules so that deforestation, chemical wastage, and other harmful ways of (10) __ environmental pollution get reduced.

Exercise 9: Cho dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc.

1. After Monday, I will no longer be a foreigner – I am receiving my ___! (citizenship)
2. My father’s death left me with a great_____in my heart. (emptiness)
3. Americans fought hard to earn their _____from Britain. (freedom)
4. The weather ____looks bad for a picnic – rainy and windy! (forecast)
5. The new job is a ___ for her. (promotion)
6. The national ___ in the face of danger is necessary. (solidarity)
7. He came first in the poetry __. (competition)
8. After considerable ___ they decided to accept our offer. (discussion)
9. Fill in your name, address, and ___ on the form. (nationality)
10. Can I see your ____card, please ? (identity)

Exercise 10: Tìm và sửa 5 lỗi sai trong bài viết sau để tạo thành một bài viết IELTS Writing task 1 hoàn chỉnh.

The line graph shows the percent of tourists to England who visited certain Brighton attracts between 1980 and 2010. We can see that in 1980 and in 2010 the favorite attractions were the pavilion and the festival. In 1980 the least popular attraction was the pier, but in 2010, this changed, and the art gallery was the least popular.

During the 1980s and 1990s, there was a sharp increase in visitors to the pavilion from 28% to 48%, and then the percentage gradually went down to 31% in 2010. The trend for the art gallery was similar to the pavilion. Visitors increased rapidly from 22% to 37% from 1980 to 1985, then gradually decreased to less than 10% over the next twenty-five years. The number of tourists who visited the Brighton Festival fluctuated slightly but, in general, remained steady at about 25%. Visitor to the pier also fluctuated from 1980 to 2000, then rose significantly from 12% to 22% between 2000 and 2010.

Chúc mừng bạn đã hoàn thành bài tập và củng cố kiến thức về danh từ trong tiếng Anh. Hãy tiếp tục ôn tập để nắm vững và sử dụng thành thạo các loại từ này trong bài thi IELTS của bạn.